General

Utilities that can always be useful in different contexts.

Info Commands

Linux

apropos <STRING>

man <COMMAND>

Windows

help <COMMAND>

<COMMAND> ?
<COMMAND> /?

Terminal

Windows & Tabs

Command	Description
CTRL + ALT + T	Open terminal window
CTRL + SHIFT + T	New tabs
CTRL + SHIFT + W	Close tabs
ALT + <NUM_TAB>	Move between the tabs

Utility

Command	Description
CTRL + L	Clear screen
CTRL + SHIFT + C	Copy
CTRL + SHIFT + V	Paste
HOME or CTRL + A	Start line
END or CTRL + E	End line
ALT + <--	Go back one word
ALT + -->	Go forward one word
CTRL + D	Delete one character forward
CTRL + W	Delete one word back
ALT + D	Delete one word forward
CTRL + U	Delete to the start of the line
CTRL + K	Delete to the end of the line

Processes

Command	Description
CTRL + C	Open terminal window
CTRL + Z jobs fg <N> bg <N>	Background process View background processes Resume <N> in the foreground Resume <N> in the background
CTRL + S	Pause output
CTRL + Q	Resume output

Vim

Main

Command	Description
:q!	Quit without saving
:wq	Save and quit
:w !sudo tee %	Save and quit when you forgot sudo
i	Insert mode before the cursor
a	Insert mode after the cursor
A	Insert mode at the end of the line
o	Add line above and Insert mode
O	Add line below and Insert mode
v	Visual mode
V	Select line and Visual mode
x	Delete character under cursor
dd	Delete line
r	Change one character under cursor
R	Change mode
u	Undo
CTRL + r	Redo
y " <REG> y	Copy Specific registers (+ or * for outside of vim)
p " <REG> p	Paste Specific registers (+ or * for outside of vim)

Navigate & Search

Command	Description
gg	Jump to first line
G	Jump to last line
<N>G :<N>	Jump to line N
/<STRING>	Search string forward (move with n and N)
?<STRING>	Search string backwards (move with n and N)
*	Search for the word under the cursor (move with n and N)
:set number :set nonumber	Set number of lines
:set ic :set noic	Ignore case in search
:set is :set nois	Shows partial occurrences during a search

Special

Command	Description
:s/<OLD>/<NEW> :s/<OLD>/<NEW>/g :#,#s/<OLD>/<NEW>/g :%s/<OLD>/<NEW>/g :%s/<OLD>/<NEW>/gc	Replace the first <OLD> with <NEW> in the line Replace every <OLD> with <NEW> in the line Replace every <OLD> with <NEW> between the lines #,# Replace every <OLD> with <NEW> in the file Replace every <OLD> with <NEW> in the file, asking for confirm
:w <FILE>	Write the selected part or all to the file <FILE>
:r <FILE> :r !<COMMAND>	Read the file <FILE> and inserts it Execute the command and inserts the output
:Explore [<DIR>]	Vim file explorer

Note

Operator [Number] Movement

• w - Word

• $ - End of line

• 0 - Start of line

• e - End word

Tmux

Sessions

Command	Description
tmux	New session
tmux ls	List sessions
tmux new -s <NAME>	New session <NAME>
tmux kill-ses -t <NAME>	Delete session <NAME>
tmux kill-session	Delete all session
CTRL + b d	Detach from session
tmux a -t <NAME>	Attach to a session <NAME>

Window

Command	Description
CTRL + b c	New window
CTRL + b ,	Rename window
CTRL + b n	Next window
CTRL + b p	Previous window
CTRL + b <N>	Select window <N>
CTRL + b w	List and Navigate in window

Split

Command	Description
CTRL + b %	Split screen Vertically
CTRL + b "	Split screen Horizontally
CTRL + b <ARROW>	Move between screen split
CTRL + b <SPACE>	Change layout of the split
CTRL + b CTRL + <ARROW>	Resize current split

Copy

Command	Description
CTRL + b [	Copy mode
CTRL + b ]	Paste
g	Go top line
G	Go bottom line
w	Forward one word
b	Backward one word
/	Search forward (move with N and n)
?	Search backward (move with N and n)
<SPACE>	Start selection
<ENTER>	Copy selection

Search & Filter

Linux

Search File

sudo updatedb
locate <FILE>

which <FILE>

find <PathStart> -type <f/d> -name <NAME> 2>/dev/null

Search String

grep -rHin "<STRING>" <PathStart>

Filter

<COMMAND> | grep <STRING>

Grep Options	Description
-i	Case Insensitive
-v	Not contain
-A <N>	Also show the two lines below
-B <N>	Also show the two lines above
-l	View File Name
-o	View Content

Windows

Search File

dir /s *<STRING>*

Get-ChildItem -Path 'C:\' -Include *<STRING>*, *<STRING>* -Recurse -ErrorAction Ignore

Search String

findstr /s /i <STRING> *.*     # contain
findstr /s /i /v <STRING> *.*  # not contain

Get-ChildItem -Path 'C:\' [-Include *<STRING>*, *<STRING>*] -Recurse -ErrorAction Ignore | Select-String -Pattern '<STRING_IN_FILE>' -ErrorAction Ignore

Filter

<COMMAND> | findstr <STRING>

<COMMAND> | select <ATTR1>,<ATTR2>

Manipulation

Command	Description
<COMMAND> | cut -f <N> -d "<SEP>"	Split the output by single character <SEP> and return field <N>
<COMMAND> | awk -F “<SEP>” '{print $<N1>, $<N2>}'	Split the output by characters <SEP> and return field <N1> and <N2>
<COMMAND> | tr "X" ”Y”	Replaces certain characters X with others Y.
<COMMAND> | sort -u	Sort and Unique
<COMMAND> | wc -w -l -c	Word/Line/Char count
<COMMAND> | rev	Reverse String
<COMMAND> | tac	Print in Reverse, starting from the last lines

cat << EOF > /PATH/TO/FILE
Row 1
...
Row N
EOF

Regex

regex101: build, test, and debug regexregex101

Regex	Description
<START>.+?<END>	Between <START> and <END> including them
<START>(.+?)<END>	RBetween <START> and <END> excluding them
<START>([^<END>]*)	Between <START> and one of the characters in <END>
+	At least 1 character
*	Even without

Encoding

Base64

Only alphanumeric characters and + /. Multiples of 4 with padding =.

Encode

<COMMAND> | base64

Decode

<COMMAND> | base64 -d

Hex

0-9 and a-f. Each character has its own hex value in the ASCII table.

man ascii

Encode

<COMMAND> | xxd -p

Decode

<COMMAND> | xxd -p -r

Rot13

Cyclically moves characters forward 13 positions.

Encode

<COMMAND> | tr 'A-Za-z' 'N-ZA-Mn-za-m'

Decode

<COMMAND> | tr 'A-Za-z' 'N-ZA-Mn-za-m'

URL

Encode special characters into URLs.

<COMMAND> | jq -sRr @uri

Note

Use:

echo -n

base64 -w 0

Extract

extract.sh

function extract {
  if [ -z "$1" ]; then
    echo "Usage: extract <path/file_name>.<zip|rar|bz2|gz|tar|tbz2|tgz|Z|7z|xz|ex|tar.bz2|tar.gz|tar.xz>"
  else
    if [ -f $1 ]; then
      case $1 in
        *.tar.bz2)   tar xvjf $1    ;;
        *.tar.gz)    tar xvzf $1    ;;
        *.tar.xz)    tar xvJf $1    ;;
        *.lzma)      unlzma $1      ;;
        *.bz2)       bunzip2 $1     ;;
        *.rar)       unrar x -ad $1 ;;
        *.gz)        gunzip $1      ;;
        *.tar)       tar xvf $1     ;;
        *.tbz2)      tar xvjf $1    ;;
        *.tgz)       tar xvzf $1    ;;
        *.zip)       unzip $1       ;;
        *.Z)         uncompress $1  ;;
        *.7z)        7z x $1        ;;
        *.xz)        unxz $1        ;;
        *.exe)       cabextract $1  ;;
        *)           echo "extract: '$1' - unknown archive method" ;;
      esac
    else
      echo "$1 - file does not exist"
    fi
  fi
}

extract.sh <FILE>

Cross-Compiling

For Linux

C

sudo apt-get install gcc 
apt-get install gcc-multilib 
apt-get install g++-multilib

gcc <FILE.c> -o <NEW_NAME>  # 64 bit
gcc <FILE.c> -m32 -o <NEW-NAME>  # 32 bit

chmod +x <NEW_NAME>

Python

python3 <FILE.py>

SO

gcc -fPIC -shared -o <LIB_NAME.so> <FILE.c>

For Windows

C

sudo apt-get install mingw-w64

x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc <FILE.c> -o <NEW_NAME>   # 64 bit
i686-w64-mingw32-gcc <FILE.c> -o <NEW_NAME>   # 32 bit

Python

pip installa pyinstaller

python pyinstaller.py --onefile <FILE.py>

DLL

x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -shared <FILE.c> -o <NEW_NAME.dll> [-Wl,--out-implib,<NEW_NAME.a>] # 64 bit
i686-w64-mingw32-gcc -shared <FILE.c> -o <NEW_NAME.dll> [-Wl,--out-implib,<NEW_NAME.a>] # 32 bit

Environment

venv

python3 -m venv myEnv
source myEnv/bin/activate

pip3 install NAME_PACKAGE
pip3 install -r requirements.txt

deactivate
rm -rf nome_ambiente

conda

source ~/miniconda3/bin/activate

conda create -n myEnv python=3.11
conda activate myEnv
conda deactivate

conda install NAME_PACKAGE
conda install -c conda-forge NAME_PACKAGE
conda list
conda remove NAME_PACKAGE 

conda env export > environment.yml
conda env create -f environment.yml

conda remove -n myEnv --all 

TOR

TOR

Start service TOR

sudo service tor start
sudo service tor stop
sudo service tor restart

Set ProxyChains

vim /etc/proxychains4.conf
vim /etc/proxychains.conf

# at the end
socks4 127.0.0.1 9050
socks5 127.0.0.1 9050

Use command over TOR

proxychains <COMMAND>

Tools

Tools	Details
ZeroTrace	Routing all your system network traffic through the TOR network. sudo zerotrace --start sudo zerotrace --ip (Show current Tor IP and location) sudo zerotrace --stop sudo zerotrace --new-ip sudo zerotrace --auto --time 300 (change IP every 5 minutes)

GIT

Setup

Description	Command
Access by token	Create tokens in Settings/Developer > Settings/Personal > access > token Insert token git clone https://<USERNAME>:<TOKEN>@github.com/<USERNAME>/<REPOSITORY> Or git remote set-url origin https://<USERNAME>:<TOKEN>@github.com/<USERNAME>/<REPOSITORY>
Downloading GitHub repositories	git clone <LINK_REPOSITORY_GITHUB>
Download repository changes	git pull origin main
Loading repository changes	[git add -A] git commit -m "<DESCRIPTION>" git push origin [main/master]
With SSH	GIT_SSH_COMMAND='ssh [options]' [git command] GIT_SSH_COMMAND='ssh [options]' git clone <USER>@<IP>:/<REPO> ex. GIT_SSH_COMMAND='ssh -i id_rsa -p 43022' git clone git@192.168.213.125:/git-server GIT_SSH_COMMAND='ssh -i /id_rsa -p 43022' git push origin master

Usage

Description	Command
See commit	git log
See the differences in commit	git show <COMMIT_ID> git show --all
List of branch	git branch
Switch to another branch	git switch <NAME_BRANCH> git checkout <NAME_BRANCH>
Read single git files in objects/X/number	git cat-file -p Xnumber

Docker

sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl stop docker

Docker

Manages single containere. dockerfile

Command	Description
docker build -t <name> .
docker --version	Docker version
docker search <STRING>	Search in the Docker Hub
docker login <DOMAIN>/<IMG_NAME>	It may require authentication if you are pulling unofficial images, so you need to authenticate for that domain and image first. See a domain's registry list at <DOMAIN>/v2/_catalog.
docker pull <IMG_NAME>[:<VERSION>]	Download image from Docker Hub
docker inspect <IMG_NAME>	View information about the Docker image.
docker image	View possible commands for managing Docker images, such as ls
docker volume	View possible commands for managing Docker volumes, such as ls
docker volume create <VOLUME_NAME>	Create a volume and give it a name. They are used to store data persistently.
docker network	View possible commands for managing Docker network, such as ls
docker network create (…) <NETWORK_NAME>	Creating a network. It is important to specify: --driver=bridge : Specify the type of driver --subnet=<ip/mask> : Specify the subnet to be used by the container (ex. 172.18. 0.0/16) --gateway=<ip/mask> : Specify the gateway to communicate outside the container (ex. typically 172.18. 0.1)
docker run <IMG_NAME>	Runs a container from a specified Docker image. --name=<NAME> : Give a name to the container. -d : Run the container in the background. -p <H_PORT>:<C_PORT> : Perform port mapping. connect my H port to the C container port. -v <VOLUME_NAME>:<C_PATH> : Use a volume. Associate a created volume with a container PATH. -v <H_PATH>:<C_PATH> : Use a volume. Associate a PATH on the HOST system with a container PATH. --network=<NETWORK_NAME> : Start the container on a previously created network -h <HOSTNAME> : Specify hostname
docker run -it <IMG_NAME> bash	Start container but in interactive mode, connect to the container terminal. CTRL+P and CTRL+Q : Exit from the container while leaving it running.
docker attach <ID>	Resume interaction with a container.
docker exec -it <ID_CONTAINER> bash	Runs a new interaction process with a container's terminal (also used to reconnect after exiting, like attach).
docker ps	Show running containers. -a : Also show stopped containers (if you want to remove them).
docker top <ID_CONTAINER>	View the processes running inside a container.
docker logs <ID_CONTAINER>	View logs of a container.
docker stat <ID_CONTAINER>	Provides real-time information about the resources used by a container.
docker stop <ID_CONTAINER>	Stops a running container.
docker start <ID_CONTAINER>	Run a stopped container.
docker rm <ID_CONTAINER>	Remove and delete a container.
docker container prune	Remove all stopped containers.
docker history <IMG_NAME>	View history of operations related to a Docker image.
docker system prune	Complete cleaning of everything, be careful! (does not delete images)
docker save -o <NAME>.tar <IMG_NAME>	Save a Docker image, including all its layers and metadata.

Docker Compose

Orchestration of multi-container applications. docker-compose.yml

Command	Description
docker compose build	Builds or rebuilds Docker service images in docker-compose.yml. Required only if changes are made.
docker compose up	Creates and starts the containers listed in the docker-compose.yml file along with a custom network. -d : Runs the container in the background.
docker compose start	Start the service containers defined in the docker-compose.yml file.
docker compose stop	Stop all containers listed in the docker-compose.yml file.
docker compose down	Stop and delete all containers listed in the docker-compose.yml file and the created network.
docker compose logs [<SERVICE_NAME>]	Display logs of started services. -f : Follow. Listen and display logs continuously.
docker compose ps	View the status of Docker services managed by Docker Compose.

With ls -q it prints only the IDs.

Networks

Layer 2 Data Link : MAC address, Switch/bridge (Within Subnets) Layer 3 Network : IP address, Router (Between Networks) Layer 4 Transport : TCP/UDP

Enable/Disable interface	sudo ip link set dev <INTERFACE> up sudo ip link set dev <INTERFACE> down
Riname Interface	ip link set dev <OLD> name <NEW>
Add/Remove IP	ip addr add <IP>/<MASK> dev <INTERFACE> ip addr del <IP>/<MASK> dev <INTERFACE> ip addr change <IP>/<MASK> dev <INTERFACE> ip addr flush dev <INTERFACE>
Add/Remove Route	route -n ip route show ip route add <REMOTENET_IP>/<MASK> via <GATEWAY> ip route add <REMOTENET_IP>/<MASK> dev <INTERFACE> ip route del <REMOTENET_IP>/<MASK> via <GATEWAY> ip route del <REMOTENET_IP>/<MASK> dev <INTERFACE>
Clear ARP	arp ip neigh show ip neigh del <IP> dev <INTERFACE> ip neigh flush dev <INTERFACE>
DHCP	sudo dhclient <INTERFACE> (request IP from DHCP)